Multi-dimensions and various mechanism of social mobility can be understood by an analysisof the role of assortative mating.  Based on the data of China General Social Survey in 2006 (CGSS 2006) and by employing the Probit model as well as the Binary Endogenous Ｒegressor Probit model，this paper explores changes in features and affecting factors of assortative mating of rural females over time. This paper has come up with several profound findings. First，for rural females，marriage produces very limited effects on their upward social mobility. Second，achieved factors generate more remarkable effects on the hypergamy opportunity compared with birth-ascribed factors. Third，hukou conversion from the rural to urban status，an indication of social mobility，impacts positively on the possibility of hypergamy. Fourth，the influence of the urbanhukou on social mobility has been gradually weakened with changes in socioeconomic meanings of thehukou categories. This paper also demonstrates that the conceptual and practical meanings of social mobility by hypergamy vary under different historical backgrounds.

The massive size of floating population is the vantage point for understanding China s post －reform developments brought by rural － to － urban migration and urbanization． Currently，the magnitude of floating population is available from several authoritative sources，including national censuses，administrative
registration records from the Ministry of Public Security and the National Population and Family Planning Commission，and large － scale samples surveys conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics． Nonetheless，the floating population is defined variously across data sources，creating inconsistency and incomparabilityproblems in terms of coverage and enumeration method and leading to different estimates of floating population size． This paper focuses on an in － depth understanding of the definitional complexities of floating population． We provide the documentation of specifics of statistical variables used by various bureaucracies to define floating population． We argue that the definitional complexities have originated from Chinese administrative settings in the administration of floating population． The complexities are also affected by different paces of socioeconomic reforms across regions．

The marriage dilemma of involuntary bachelorhood is a prolonged phenomenon of rural China in the context of universal marriage.Using empirical materials that merged with nationwide survey data,press reports and in- depth interviews,this paper explores marriage dilemma of rural involuntary bachelors in marriage market from gender inequality perspective.The results show that marriage dilemma of rural involuntary bachelors both reinforces and is reinforced by forms and relations of their economic and social inequalities.Involuntary bachelorhood is due to the condition that these males cannot meet the anticipation of mate selection in the marriage market.We argue that involuntary bachelorhood is jeopardized not so much by the availability of brides as by gender inequality effects in the marriage market.

This paper analyzes the current situation of fragmentation of the governance on imbalanced sex ratio in China from six core dimensions through a perspective of holistic governance,and proposes approaches against the imbalanced sex ratio.As is revealed from the results,the effect of policy measures appear to be government failure and fragmentation due to the existence of fragmentation on main body,decision mechanism,operational mechanism,as well as evaluation,supervision and feed back mechanism,insufficient cooperation between the government and citizens under governance on imbalanced sex ratio in China.The effective approaches of governance include integration of recognition,goal making,governance on imbalanced sex ratio from larger department,governance under cooperation between the government and citizens,establishment of the governance center on imbalanced sex ratio and establishment and refinement of evaluation,supervision and feed back mechanism on imbalanced sex ratio.

Using special survey data of four Asian countries and regions (Korea, Taiwan, India and Pakistan) which are featured with female dearth and related research fruits, this article compares the trends, causes and consequences of the unbalanced sex ratio between the four countries and regions, and introduces the direct governance measures, the endeavors to cultural and institutional changes, and the campaigns and public governance of improving the girls’ living environment and the women’s social position. Finally the article summarizes their experiences and models, providing China with references and intervention strategies for the governance of the unbalanced sex ratio.